Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Huron (Fertilized Egg)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
72 - General - - 8 -
Details
No information is available on the incubation period of lake trout eggs in
Lake Huron.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
(Fertilized Egg)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
312 - Temperature Example - 373 109
Details
- Hatching time for lake trout eggs was: 50 days at 10°C, 67-85 days at 7.5°C,
108-117 days at 5°C, and 141-156 days at 2.5°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
313 - Temperature Example - 400 109
Details
- Hatching time for lake trout eggs was: 49 days at 10°C, 59 days at 8.5°C,
80 days at 6.7°C, 92 days at 5.7°C, 86 days at 5.1°C, 106 days at 4.5°C, and
162 days at 1.8°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
314 - Oxygen Example - 373 109
Details
- Hatching time for lake trout eggs was shorter at 10.4 ppm DO than at
2.6 ppm with intermediate times at 3.7°C and 4.5°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1067 - Oxygen Limit <6mg/l 231 715
at 7°C, 10°C
Details
DO concentrations of <6 mg/l have adversely affected lake trout embryo
development and survival at 7°-10°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1068 - Oxygen Limit - 373 715
Details
- If oxygen concentrations decrease below 40% of the air saturation at 3°C
(~5.5 mg/l oxygen), lake trout embryos are subjected to stress and
deformities result.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1074 - Oxygen Limit - 373 715
231
Details
- DO concentrations of <6mg/l showed depressed embryo survival.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Ontario (Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
65 Eastern Basin Pred/Prey Characteristic 9 -
(Hatchery)
Details
Spring yearling plantings in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario became
piscivorous almost immediately. Progressively larger fish were ingested as
plantings grew. Darters and smaller sculpins were ingested first, juvenile
smelt and alewife next, and finally adult smelt and alewife were ingested.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Huron (Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
67 Georgian Bay Pred/Prey Characteristic 37 -
Details
Young lake trout fed upon a variety of invertebrates and small fish in
Georgian Bay.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Michigan (Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
68 Pred/Prey Characteristic 40 -
Details
Young lake trout fed upon a variety of invertebrates and small fish.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Superior (Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
316 Pred/Prey Characteristic - 383 109
Details
Mysis were the most important food of age-2 lake trout in Lake
Superior.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
(Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
64 Great Lakes General - - 17 -
(Hatchery)
Details
- Introduced stocks have only been measurably successful in Lake Superior.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
311 - Temperature Lethal 23.5°C 300 109
Details
- Lethal temperatures were 23.5°C for lake trout acclimated at 15°C or 20°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
317 Ontario Pred/Prey Characteristic - 327 109
Details
- In several lakes, lake trout continue to feed primarily on zooplankton
throughout life.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
318 - Pred/Prey Characteristic - 109 -
Details
- Larger lake trout feed primarily upon fish in most lakes (including Cottus,
alewives, smelt, and sometimes Atlantic salmon).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1041 - Depth Characteristic - 715 -
Details
YOY and older lake trout remain in the deeper waters of lakes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1042 Great Bear Lake Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 724 715
Details
- The youngest trout in Great Bear Lake used a variety of habitats (rocky
shorelines, inflowing streams, and deep waters).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1055 - Temperature Prefer 11.7°C 728 715
Details
- For yearling lake trout, the preferred temperature was 11.7°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1056 - Temperature Prefer - 997 715
Details
- The preferred temperature for fingerling lake trout was 10.8°C. The
preferred temperature for fry was 9°-10°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1072 - Temperature Limit 23.5°C 721 715
Details
- Fish can survive temperatures up to 23.5°C.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
(Larva)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
70 Great Lakes General - - 33 -
Details
Natural recruitment of lake trout in the Great Lakes may be failing
because of a breakdown in the life cycle somewhere between spawning
and the advanced fry stage.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
315 Pred/Prey Characteristic - 357 109
324
Details 388
Zooplankton and dipterous larvae and pupae are the principal foods of
young lake trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
317 Ontario Pred/Prey Characteristic - 327 109
Details
In several lakes, lake trout continue to feed primarily on zooplankton
throughout life.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1040 - Movement Characteristic 731 715
Light Avoid -
Pred/Prey Avoid -
Details
Fry move from the spawning areas within a month after hatching and travel to
the deeper waters of the lake. This may be to avoid higher light intensities
or predation.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Ontario (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
20 - Pred/Prey Example 13 -
Details
Alewife was a primary food source for lake trout. Cottids were significant
prey in large lake trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
21 - Pred/Prey Example 9 -
Details
Ciscoes predominated in trout stomachs after the inshore migration of the
alewife.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
22 - Pred/Prey Example 9 -
Details
Other items in the diet of Lake Ontario lake trout include slimy sculpins,
deepwater sculpins, and sticklebacks.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
23 - Pred/Prey Lethal Lamprey 9 -
Details
The demise of lake trout in Lake Ontario appears to have occurred when sea
lamprey attacked already heavily-stressed populations from fishing pressure.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
65 Eastern Basin Pred/Prey Characteristic 9 -
(Hatchery)
Details
- Spring yearling plantings in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario became
piscivorous almost immediately. Progressively larger fish were ingested
as these plantings grew. Darters and smaller sculpins were ingested first,
juvenile smelt and alewife next, and finally adult smelt and alewife were
ingested.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Erie (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
24 General - - - 19 -
Details
Native lake trout are extinct in Lake Erie.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
25 - General Lethal Overfishing 7 -
Oxygen Lethal - 19
Siltation Lethal -
Details
Although overfishing was the primary cause of the decline of lake trout,
biological extinction was probably due to environmental stresses (siltation
of spawning grounds and, oxygen depletion in summer). Lake trout were
more susceptible to stresses because Lake Erie is at the southern extremity
of their zoogeographic range.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Huron (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
27 Depth Characteristic >30 m 8 -
Details
In southern Lake Huron, lake trout were found in water >30 m deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
28 Saginaw Bay Depth Example - 8 -
Details
- Lake trout north of Saginaw Bay were scarce in summer in water <30 m deep.
The inshore population shifted to progressively deeper water as the season
advanced from July to October.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
29 Alpena Region Depth Example - 39 -
Details
- In the Alpena region, lake trout moved from water >30 m in May to water
12-21 m deep in June. They returned to progressively deeper areas
until September.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
30 Georgian Bay Depth Example 36-55 m 8 -
Phys. Assoc. Example -
Details
- In Georgian Bay, lake trout were captured in relatively deep water (36-55
m), close to islands or reefs in summer, and on shoals and reefs in autumn.
Lake trout were caught in almost every fishing area (except the very-shallow,
southeastern section of the Bay).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
31 Georgian Bay Pred/Prey Example - 8 -
Details
- There is no evidence that cannibalism occurred to any extent in Georgian
Bay lake trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
35 Georgian Bay Depth Example 80-110 m 37 -
Details
- Lake trout <38 cm long were caught in gillnets in water 80-110 m deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
319 Georgian Bay Pred/Prey Characteristic - 37 109
Details
- Terrestrial insects were frequently taken by even the largest trout in
Georgian Bay. There was a group feeding at the surface and one at the
bottom, with little overlap. Bottom feeders, feeding largely on Mysis,
were usually pink fleshed and fishermen claimed they could taste the
difference.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Michigan (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
58 - Pred/Prey Lethal Lamprey 42 -
Details
- The demise of lake trout in Lake Michigan may have occurred from sea lamprey
predation although lake trout were overexploited before lamprey introduction.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
59 Green Bay General - - 31 -
Details
- Annual adult mortality of lake trout in eastern Green Bay was 22%-65%.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
60 - General - - 31 -
Details
- Annual adult mortality of lake trout in eastern Lake Michigan was 48%-71%.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
61 - Pred/Prey Characteristic Cottids 40 -
Details
- Cottids were a significant food source and the most important fish component
in the diet of trout <381 mm long.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
62 - Pred/Prey Lethal Lamprey 63 -
42
Details
- Natural stocks of lake trout disappeared from Lake Michigan in 1956
(probably from sea lamprey predation).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
63 - Movement Characteristic - 35 -
Details
- Although some lake trout in Lake Michigan travel widely, general dispersion
is slow.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
144 - Pred/Prey Characteristic Lake Trout 77 42
Details
- Smelt have provided valuable forage for lake trout.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Superior (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
36 Many General - - 22 -
Details
- Many local and discrete populations are recognized as morphological and/or
behavioral variants.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
37 Humpers Movement Characteristic - 27 -
Details
- Humpers move very little and generally do not mix with other populations of
lake trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
38 Gull Island Reef General - - 36 -
Details
- Annual adult mortality of lake trout in western Lake Superior was
reported at 32%-89%.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
39 - General - - 26 -
Details
- Annual adult mortality of lake trout in eastern Lake Superior (after 1974)
was reported at 50%-60%.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
40 - Area of Water Characteristic - 20 -
Phys. Assoc. Characteristic -
Pred/Prey Characteristic -
Details
- Lake trout distribution is now associated with smelt. Smelt are usually
found along the periphery of the lake and its islands. Lake herring used to
be a major food source for lake trout in Lake Superior. Lake trout and lake
herring were more pelagic.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
41 Apostle Islands Depth Characteristic 18.3-53.0 m 12 -
Details
- Lake trout distribution is associated with smelt. Smelt are found along the
periphery of the lake and its islands. Lake herring was a major item in the
diet of lake trout in Lake Superior. The distribution of lake trout and lake
herring was more pelagic.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
42 - Pred/Prey Characteristic - 11 -
Details
- Smelt became the most important food fish in 1963, although whitefishes
(Coregonus spp.) remained seasonally important from October to December.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
43 - Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 22 -
Area of Water Characteristic -
Depth Characteristic <183 m
Details
- Lake trout are almost universally distributed from the littoral to >183 m
although there is evidence to support seasonal patterns.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
44 Lean Area of Water Characteristic - 11 -
29
Details
- Older lean trout tend to become pelagic, particularly during the summer.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
45 Many Movement Characteristic ~0-483 km 22 -
Details
- Movements are variable and range from ~0-483 km. Variability in movements
is associated with differences between variants and the state of maturity.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
46 - Movement Characteristic - 397 -
15
Details 23
- A homing behavior for mature lake trout has been suggested. 30
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
47 - Pred/Prey Lethal - 22 -
Details
- The sharp decline in yield of lake trout (circa 1953) coincided with the
dispersal and rapid increases in abundance of sea lamprey in Lake Superior.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
48 Lean Area of Water Characteristic - 22 -
Depth Characteristic <90 m
Details
- Lean lake trout are found in inshore waters and on the banks of most
offshore islands, usually in water <50 fathoms deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
51 Fat Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 27 -
Depth Characteristic 90-216 m
Details
- Fat trout are concentrated on steep banks in deep water (50-120 fathoms deep)
in many areas of Lake Superior.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
52 Isle Royale Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 27 -
Caribou Island
Superior Shoal
Humpers
Details
- Humpers are found on isolated reefs near Isle Royale, Caribou Island, and
on Superior Shoal.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
54 Lean Movement Characteristic - 23 -
15
Details 30
- Lean trout disperse widely between spawning seasons, but they tend to
return to the same spawning site in successive seasons.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
56 - Pred/Prey Lethal Lamprey 34 -
27
Details 41
- Native stocks of lake trout were severely depleted in Lake Superior in the 21
1940s and 1950s, because of the combined effects of intense predation 10
by sea lamprey and overfishing.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
147 - Pred/Prey Characteristic - 22 11
Details
- Smelt have clearly supplanted chubs as the principal food of Lake Superior's
lake trout population.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
292 Siscowets General Characteristic - 398 109
Depth Characteristic
Details
- The siscowet is a variety found only in Lake Superior (usually in water
>90 m deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
309 Siscowets Temperature Characteristic <4.5°C 396 109
Details
- Siscowets spent most of their time in water <4.5°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
310 Siscowets Temperature Characteristic <4.5°C 285 109
Depth Example -
Details
- Siscowets were sometimes caught near the surface at night in June and July.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
320 - Pred/Prey Characteristic - 285 109
Details
- Siscowets contained flies and bees in their food. Some fish contained
surface insects and deep bottom fish.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
321 - Movement Example - 397 109
Details
- Most tagged lake trout were caught within 80 km of the release point, but
some travelled >320 km. One fish tagged in 1941 was recaptured >480 km
away in 1949.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
808 Apostle Islands Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 12 22
Depth Characteristic <55 m
Details
- Lake trout and whitefish occur on inshore littoral fishing grounds in
depths <55 m.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
(Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
16 - Pred/Prey Lethal Lamprey 20 -
Details
- The relationship between lake trout mortality and sea lamprey predation is
not well understood.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
17 - Competitors Limit - 20 -
Details
- Lake trout and chinook salmon have a high degree of dietary and habitat
overlap.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
18 Ontario Depth Characteristic - 24 -
Details
- For two Algonquin Park lakes, smaller and younger lake trout were usually
found at greater depths than older, larger fish.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
19 Great Lakes Pred/Prey Lethal Lamprey 41 -
Details
- Native stocks are virtually extinct in all the Great Lakes (except lake
Superior) because of sea lamprey predation and overfishing.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
101 Cayuga Lake Pred/Prey Example - 272 109
Depth Example -
Details
- A stunted alewife population, with few individuals reaching 127 mm TL, was
found in Cayuga Lake, New York. Usually in deep water, they were an important
food source for lake trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
305 - Movement Characteristic - 398 109
388
Details
- Lake trout are usually solitary (except during spawning season) and do not
form schools.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
306 Great Lakes Temperature Characteristic - 398 109
Details
- Lake trout usually remain in waters 4°-18°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
307 - Temperature Characteristic - 208 109
Details
- Lake trout usually remain in waters 7°-13°C during the summer.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
308 - Temperature Characteristic - 208 109
Depth Characteristic - 377
Details
- In spring and fall (when surface temperatures are near 10°C) lake trout may
be found in shallow water.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
317 Ontario Pred/Prey Characteristic - 327 109
Details
- In several lakes, lake trout continue to feed primarily on zooplankton
throughout life.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
318 - Pred/Prey Characteristic - 109 -
Details
- Larger lake trout feed primarily upon fish in most lakes (including Cottus,
alewives, smelt, and Atlantic salmon).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
770 - Pred/Prey Example - 63 -
112
Details
- Almost all warm- to cold-water predatory fish will eat perch, including
basses (Morone spp. and Micropterus spp.) sunfish, crappies, walleye, sauger,
pike, muskellunge, and lake trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
792 Great Lakes Temperature Requirement - 19 -
Oxygen Requirement -
Phys. Assoc. Requirement -
Siltation Requirement -
Details
- Lake whitefish (similar to lake trout, longjaw ciscoe, and lake herring) are
cold stenotherms at the southern edge of their zoogeographical ranges. Lake
whitefish require cold, adequately oxygenated bottom waters for a summer
habitat, and a mostly silt-free river or lake spawning area for successful
reproduction. Year-class success is the result of favorable environmental
conditions rather than spawning-stock size.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1041 - Depth Characteristic - 715 -
Details
- YOY and older lake trout remain in the deeper waters of lakes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1043 - Movement Characteristic - 731 715
Details
- In inland lakes, the vertical movement of lake trout appeared to be dependent
upon water temperature.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1044 - Movement Characteristic - 731 715
Details
- While lake trout tend to be nomadic, some individuals (particular those from
planted stock) appear sedentary.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1045 - Movement Example - 724 715
Details
- The movement of fish ranged from 32 km in one year to no measurable
movement for 5-6 years.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1046 Colorado Movement Example - 735 715
Details
- Radio tags were used to investigate the movements of 34 lake trout in Twin
Lakes, Colorado. Average movement ranged from 1.1 m/min. in fall to
1.6 m/min. in summer. During the spring, summer, and fall, movements were
significantly greater between 0830 and 1130 than between 2230 and 0500.
In the fall, afternoon movements were significantly greater than at night.
Home ranges were largest during the spring and fall, and most individuals
were found within 3 m of the reservoir bottom. Movement was primarily
limited to water <12°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1047 Wyoming Pred/Prey Example - 722 715
Details
- Mysis is an important food source in many lakes for all sizes of lake trout.
Growth rates increased after the introduction of Mysis relicta.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1051 - General - - 731 715
Details
- Lakes containing populations of lake trout have been described as: larger,
of higher altitude, deeper, clearer, colder, better oxygenated, more acidic,
softer, and lower in total alkalinity, buffering capacity, total dissolved
solids, and morphoedaphic index values.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1052 Ontario Depth Optimum >6 m 855 715
Dissolved Optimum <50 mg/l
Solids
Oxygen Optimum <6 mg/l
Details
- In an analysis of 2500 Ontario lakes, lake trout lakes were distinguished
by: mean depths >6 m, total dissolved solids concentrations <50 mg/l,
average hypolimnetic oxygen concentrations <6 mg/l, and metric morphoedaphic
index values.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1053 - Temperature Limit >10°-12°C 715 -
Details
- During field studies lake trout were rarely found in water >10°-12°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1054 Great Bear Lake Temperature Prefer 12°C 724 715
Details
- Laboratory studies suggest that 12°C is the preferred temperature of adult
lake trout. However, the range may be 8°-15°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1069 Ontario Oxygen Limit <6 mg/l 855 715
Details
- Lake trout tended to be absent from Ontario lakes when average hypolimnetic
oxygen concentrations were <6 mg/l.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1070 Saskatchewan Temperature Prefer 10°-12°C 307 715
384
Details 724
- Lake trout prefer water 10°-12°C. 735
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1071 Colorado Temperature Optimum 7°-15°C 1116 715
724
Details
- Lake trout are abundant in lakes where water temperature is 7°-15°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1073 - Temperature Limit 15°-23.5°C 715 -
Temperature Optimum 7°-15°C
Temperature Limit <7°C
Details
- A maximum summer water temperature of 7°-15°C is optimum. Above 15°C,
productivity drops until the upper maximum lethal temperature of 23.5°C
is reached. Below 7°C, productivity drops because of reduced metabolic
rates and depressed community productivity.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1075 Ontario Oxygen Limit <6 mg/l 855 715
Details
- DO concentrations <6 mg/l were associated with the absence of lake trout
in Ontario lakes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1284 - Competitors Limit - 822 -
Area of Water Limit -
Details
- In those lakes where both northern pike and lake trout occur, pike are
likely to be largely confined to the perimeter or to island/shoal areas.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Ontario (Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
21 - Pred/Prey Example - 9 -
Details
- Ciscoes predominated in trout stomachs after the inshore migration of the
alewife.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
5 Scotch Bonnet Movement Characteristic - 9 -
Shoal
Nicholson Island Phys. Assoc. Example Lake Shoals
Main Duck Island
Charity Shoal
Pigeon Island
(Western)
Details
- Spawning grounds of western stocks of lake trout are unknown. In the east,
spawning was confined to a few well-known lake shoals: Scotch Bonnet Shoal,
Nicholson Island, Main Duck Island, Charity Shoal, and Pigeon Island.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Huron (Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
6 North Channel General - - 34 -
Details
- In the North Channel, lake trout spawned ~1 week before trout in Lake Huron
proper (where spawning occurred October 20-November 10).
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Michigan (Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
296 - Depth Example >55 m 39 109
Phys. Assoc. Example Clay
Details
- In southern Lake Michigan, lake trout spawn at 55 m or more on clay bottoms.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
Lake Superior (Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
7 Humpers Phys. Assoc. Characteristic Top of Reefs 27 -
Depth Example >18 m 22
Details
- Humpers spawn in August or September, on or near the tops of reefs
inhabited all year, in water as shallow as 18 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
8 - Movement Characteristic Homing Lacking 22 -
Details
- Evidence of homing to natal area is almost entirely lacking for native
stocks, although some information exists for hatchery stocks.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
9 Stream/Lake General - - 22 -
Spawners
Details
- Stream spawning occurs and river-spawning populations appear to be
discrete from lake spawners.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
10 Stream General - - 23 -
Spawners 27
Details
- Several sub-populations of lake trout spawned in Ontario rivers tributary to
eastern Lake Superior, but some may now be extinct.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
11 Lean Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 15 -
Depth Characteristic 2-37 m
Details
- Lean trout characteristically spawn late September-early November on gravel
beaches and rocky shoals in shallow waters 2-37 m deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
12 Lean Depth Characteristic 2-36 m 27 -
Phys. Assoc Characteristic -
Water Motion Avoid -
Details
- Most lean trout spawning occurs from mid- to late-October on rock and
rubble reefs in water 1.8-18 m deep. Storms occasionally force spawning
in water up to 36 m deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
13 Fat/Lean Depth Characteristic 91-146 m 15 -
Details
- Fat trout spawn over a much longer season and in much deeper water than
lean trout. Fat trout spawn July-November (depending upon location) and in
water 91-146 m deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
14 Fat/Lean Phys. Assoc Characteristic Reefs 27 -
Depth Characteristic 36-90 m
Details
- Fat trout spawn on reefs in deeper water than lean trout (usually 36-90 m).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
15 - Depth Example <30 m 33 -
Details
- Spawning has been suspected at deeper sites (30 m and more) and occurs in
some locations as early as June.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
300 - Depth Example - 15 109
Phys. Assoc Example -
Area of Water Example -
Movement Example -
Details
- In Lake Superior, spawning is usually at <36 m over stony bottoms and may
occur in tributary streams. Homing was also noted for Lake Superior.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
302 Siscowets Depth Example - 15 109
Phys. Assoc Example -
Details
- Siscowets usually spawn in water >90 m, but at least one population in
Lake Superior spawns on a rocky reef at 15-27 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1058 - Area of Water Characteristic - 727 715
729
Details 22
- For the most part, spawning is limited to lakes, but some spawning has
been reported in tributary streams of Lake Superior, and in
rivers in tundra areas of Canada and Alaska.
Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)
(Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1 - Movement Characteristic - 18 -
24
Details
- Homing in lake trout is similar to other salmonids. This implies
olfaction is important.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
2 Great Lakes General - - 41 -
Hatchery
Details
- Hatchery-reared lake trout may be relatively inefficient spawners.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
3 Great Lakes General Requirement 33 -
Details
The physical habitat requirements for successful lake trout spawning in the
Great Lakes are not clearly understood.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
4 Great Lakes Depth Characteristic <few m 33 -
Details
Spawning is expected to occur in water up to a few m deep from September-
November.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
293 Wisconsin Temperature Characteristic - 366 109
Details
- In Green Lake, Wisconsin, spawning peaks ~October 25 at 13°C for trout under
age 10, but ~November 28 at 7°C for older trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
294 Lake Simcoe Temperature Characteristic - 340 109
Water Motion Requirement -
Details
- In Lake Simcoe, Ontario, lake trout spawn at 11°-14°C with strong onshore
winds as a stimulus.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
295 New York Depth Example - 304 109
Light Example -
Temperature Example -
Details
- Spawning time at Raquette Lake, New York, was earlier than October 25 with lower
temperatures and a greater number of cloudy days (suggesting that temperature drop
and light affect spawning time). Correlation was also found between spawning time
and maximum lake depth in New York. In lakes <45 m deep, spawning usually peaked by
October 25, but might peak as late as December in deeper lakes. In deep Seneca Lake,
the peak is in early October, suggesting racial differences. Length of spawning season
appeared to increase with the size of the lake.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
297 Wisconsin Depth Example 18-30 m 366 109
Phys. Assoc. Example -
Details
In Green Lake, Wisconsin, lake trout spawn at 1830 m on silt, hardpan
clay, marl, or gravel.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
298 Cayuga Lake Depth Example 208 109
Details
In Cayuga Lake, New York, there is no evidence of spawning in shallow water.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
299 Lake Simcoe Movement Example 340 109
Phys. Assoc. Example
Details
In Lake Simcoe, trout move into shoals to spawn, but show no evidence of homing.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
301 Saskatchewan Depth Example 307 109
Phys. Assoc. Example
Movement Example
Details
In Lake La Ronge, spawning occurs over stony reefs in water 13 m deep,
and there is no evidence of homing to the same reefs.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
303 Phys. Assoc. Example 389 109
384
Details
Males are reported to clear rubble areas for spawning but make no nests.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
304 Light Characteristic Night 388 109
Details
Spawning is at night.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1048 - Temperature Requirement - 731 715
Water Motion Requirement -
Details
- Declining water temperatures and photoperiod (with strong onshore winds)
are necessary factors triggering spawning.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1049 - Light Characteristic - 731 715
Details
- Most spawning activity occurs between dusk and 2300.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1050 - Area of Water Characteristic - 715 -
Details
- Lake trout usually spawn in lakes, rarely in streams.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1057 Saskatchewan Temperature Requirement 4.5°-14.0°C 307 715
719
Details 724
- Temperature appeared to be a stimulus for spawning, although the critical
temperature varies from 4.5°-14°C for different lakes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1059 - Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 715 -
Details
- In general, beds of spawning rivers consist of boulders intermixed with
coarse gravel.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1060 - Depth Example 0.15-55.00 m 732 715
719
Details 724
- Spawning depths in lakes ranged from 15 cm to >55 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1061 Colorado Depth Requirement - 716 715
Details
- For successful spawning in reservoirs, it is important that spawning depths
remain below draw-down levels to prevent exposure of eggs.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1062 - Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 732 715
723
Details 719
- For most inland lakes, spawning occurs primarily on rubble 2.5 cm or larger 731
in diameter.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1063 - Phys. Assoc. Prefer - 719 715
Details
- Lake trout selected angular rubble over smooth rubble as a spawning substrate.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1064 Algonquin Park, Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 730 715
Ontario
Details
- Reported spawning areas of lakes in Algonquin Park, Ontario, were free of
mud, sand, and detritus.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1065 - Phys. Assoc. Example - 732 715
720
Details
- Lake trout have cleaned debris, silt, algae, and slime from spawning areas
prior to spawning.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1066 Wisconsin Phys. Assoc. Optimum - 723 715
Details
- Spawning areas for lake trout can be improved by dumping angular rock into
lakes.