Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
(Fertilized Egg)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
49 Wisconsin Temperature Example - 348 109
Details
Incubation takes 125 days at 2.4°C, 120 days at 2.6°C, 116 days at 2.8°C,
and 111 days at 3.3°C.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
(Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
76 - Pred/Prey Characteristic - 299 423 109
386 419
Details 387 403
Ciscoes are predominantly plankton feeders, but sometimes feed on aquatic 354
insect larvae and terrestrial insects that fall on the water. 345
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
Lake Ontario (Larva)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
89 Pred/Prey Characteristic 320 109
Details
Algae, small copepods, and cladocerans are the first food sources.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
(Larva)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
76 Pred/Prey Characteristic 299 423 109
386 419
Details 387 403
Ciscoes are predominantly plankton feeders, but sometimes feed on aquatic 354
insect larvae and terrestrial insects that fall on the water. 345
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
Lake Ontario (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
21 Pred/Prey Example 9 -
Details
Ciscoes predominated in trout stomachs after the inshore migration of
alewives.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
Lake Huron (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
146 Competitors Limit - 8 -
Details
Smelt may compete with lake whitefish and ciscoes for available food. As a
result, whitefish production in Lake Huron decreases and smelt production
increases.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
Lake Michigan (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
55 Green Bay Oxygen Avoid <3-4 ppm 302 109
Details
Shallow-water ciscoes avoid water with <3-4 ppm DO.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
Lake Superior (Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
40 - Area of Water Characteristic 20 -
Phys. Assoc. Characteristic -
Pred/Prey Characteristic -
Details
Lake trout distribution is now associated with smelt. Smelt are usually
found along the periphery of the lake and its islands. Lake herring used
to be a major food source for lake trout in Lake Superior. Lake trout and
lake herring were more pelagic.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
50 Temperature Avoid >15.5°C 386 109
Details
Shallow-water ciscoes avoid water >15.5°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
66 Temperature Prefer 386 109
Movement Characteristic -
Depth Example -
Details
Cisco catches increased in water 0-40 m deep in Lake Superior when surface
water temperature again dropped to 13°C. Ciscoes were not taken in bottom
trawls and their pelagic distribution was influenced by temperature, abundance
of plankton, and spawning activities.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
145 - Competitors Limit 78 42
Details
- The decline of lake herring in Lake Superior is attributed to the influence
of smelt and (to a lesser degree) bloaters.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
(Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
26 Great Lakes Temperature Characteristic - 361 109
St. Lawrence River
Hudson Bay
Details
Lake herring are found in all of the Great Lakes and in the deeper, cold
inland waters of the St. Lawrence River, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi River
drainages.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
53 Wisconsin Temperature Avoid 17°C 402 109
355
Details
Shallow-water ciscoes avoid water of 17°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
57 Temperature Avoid 355 109
Movement Characteristic - 356
302
Details
Ciscoes moved into the hypolimnion as surface waters warmed.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
69 Cayuga Lake Depth Limit <61 m 386 109
Depth Characteristic 35-50 m
Details
- In Cayuga Lake, ciscoes were not found in water more than 200 feet deep, but
were found in water 35-50 m deep during the summer.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
71 - Movement Characteristic - * 109
Details
- Schooling is typical, often by size-class, but is less strong in warm summer
months.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
76 - Pred/Prey Characteristic - 299 423 109
386 419
Details 387 403
- Ciscoes are predominantly plankton feeders, but sometimes feed on aquatic 354
insect larvae and terrestrial insects that fall on the water. 345
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
79 - Pred/Prey Example - 299 109
Details
- Ciscoes >305 mm sometimes eat minnows.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
94 Lake Nipissing Pred/Prey Example - 345 109
Movement Characteristic -
Details
- In Lake Nipissing, Ontario, larger ciscoes (which migrated early to the
hypolimnion) fed almost continuously from spring to mid-September on
plankton crustacea with high fat content. Ciscoes remaining longer in
shallow water ate large numbers of emerging mayfly for a short time,
but then fasted for a few weeks after migration into the hypolimnion. A
marked increase in growth of older ciscoes was probably the result of
feeding upon abundant Diapto oregonensis in deep water all summer.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
192 Subspecies General - 109 -
Details
Several subspecies are recognized. They differ in body form and growth, and
are designated as species by soke authors.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
193 Tullibee General - 109 -
Details
Lake herring from smaller lakes are usually deeper bodied than those from
the Great Lakes and are frequently called Tullibee.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
194 Lake Nipissing Temperature Characteristic 356 109
Depth Characteristic
Movement Characteristic -
Details
Most growth takes place in spring and early summer. While ciscoes are in the
epilimnion, however, the fish continue to feed and grow after migration to the
hypolimnion.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
203 Wisconsin Competitors Limit 326 109
Details
- For lake herring in Trout Lake, Wisconsin, slow growth was attributed to the
high density of the fish population, particularly ciscoes, in the strata
inhabited by whitefish.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
674 - Pred/Prey Example - 111 -
Details
- When yellow perch are not available or abundant, other species (emerald
shiners, trout-perch, nine spine sticklebacks, suckers, cyprinids, white perch,
alewives, rainbow smelt, lake herring, and centrarchids) exist.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
792 Great Lakes Temperature Requirement - 19 -
Oxygen Requirement -
Phys. Assoc. Requirement -
Siltation Requirement -
Details
- Lake whitefish (similar to lake trout, longjaw cisco, and lake herring) are
cold stenotherms at the southern edge of their zoogeographical ranges. Lake
whitefish require cold, adequately oxygenated bottom waters for a summer
habitat, and a mostly silt-free river or lake-spawning area for successful
reproduction. Year-class success is the result of favorable environmental
conditions rather than of spawning-stock size.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
803 Great Lakes Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 423 8
Pred/Prey Characteristic -
Details
- Differences in bottom characteristics indirectly influence distribution of the
various coregonid species. All species except lake herring (a plankton feeder)
are confined to a bottom strata of water no more than 1.5 m deep. In this
stratum, food consists mainly of various species of Crustacea and Mollusca.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
Lake Ontario (Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
21 - Pred/Prey Example - 9 -
Details
- Ciscoes predominated in trout stomachs after the inshore migration of the
alewife.
Lake herring (Coregonus artedi)
(Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
32 Great Lakes Ice Characteristic - 109 -
Details
- Shallow-water ciscoes spawn in late fall, usually at the time of ice formation.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
33 - Temperature Characteristic 1.1°-5.0°C 402 386 109
287
Details 419
- Water temperatures at spawning are 1.1°-5.0°C. 422
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
34 - Movement Characteristic - 302 109
Phys. Assoc. Characteristic - 423
Depth Characteristic - 386
Details
- Spawning tends to occur in shoal areas; however, spawning may occur in water
43-46 m deep and over most types of bottom. Spawning apparently takes place
some feet from the bottom, as far as 14 m from the surface in water over
160 m deep.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
83 - Pred/Prey Example - 287 109
386
Details
- Ciscoes eat their own eggs and the eggs of other fish, when available.