Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
(Fertilized Egg)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
521 Water Level Optimum 189 110
125
Details
Relatively stable water levels at largemouth bass spawning time gave the most
abundant year-classes. Rising water levels had only a little negative effect.
Dropping water levels resulted in poor year-classes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
524 Pred/Prey Limit 171 110
Temperature Limit
Details
Factors limiting bass reproduction were listed as unstable water temperatures
at spawning time, predation, and plankton depletion when feeding began.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
526 Temperature Tolerate 193 110
Details
Largemouth bass eggs (12-15 hours old) are very temperature tolerant. Eggs
taken from a bass nest hatched normally in water 14.4°17.2°C and chilled
to 11.7°C, 8.9°C, 6.1°C or 3.3°C within three hours and then returned to water
17°23°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
527 Temperature Lethal 248 110
Details
Largemouth bass embryo mortality was least at 20°C and increased as eggs
were transferred to lower or higher temperatures (10°30°C). The most
critical time for temperature shock was just after fertilization, and
acclimation reduced the mortality increases.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
528 Temperature Example 186 110
Details
Largemouth bass eggs spawned at 17.2°21.1°C and acclimated at 10°26.7°C
gave >80% hatch. In lakes in Maine, an almost complete loss of bass nests
was noted when temperatures fluctuated between 12.2°C and 21.1°C. Obser-
vation showed that the male bass deserted. Mortality may have resulted
from lack of aeration rather than temperature shock.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
529 Oxygen Limit 225 110
Details
Some largemouth bass embryos hatched at 1.0, 1.1, and 1.3 ppm oxygen.
Survival rates dropped sharply at oxygen levels <2.0 (15°C and 20°C)
and 2.8 (25°C).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
530 - Oxygen Limit 231 110
Details
- The time of largemouth bass hatching was the most critical for low saturated
oxygen. At 20°C, a 90% hatch occurred at 64 hours at 70% and 100%
saturated oxygen (5.89.0 ppm). A 90% hatch occurred at 59, 58, and 57
hours (respectively) at 50%, 35%, and 20% saturation.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
531 Oxygen Limit 231 110
Temperature Example
Pred/Prey Limit
Details
At 23°C, largemouth bass hatching occurred in 31-47 hours. Initial feeding
was delayed as oxygen saturation decreased. Survival to 20 days was 87%90%
at oxygen saturations of 100%, 70%, and 50% at 20°C. Survival dropped to
67%84% at 50% saturation and 00.9% at 20% saturation.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
532 Oxygen Limit 183 110
Details
Field studies of largemouth bass showed no correlation between survival and
oxygen concentrations ranging from 5.8-12.8 ppm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
533 Salinity Example 127 110
Details
Bass eggs hatched in 20%, but not in 30% sea water. Fry did not survive in
>10% sea water.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
537 Temperature Example 166 110
Details
The incubation period for largemouth bass was four days at 14.4°23.9°C, with
80.4%92.2% survival.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
538 Temperature Example 232 110
Details
The incubation period for largemouth bass was four days at 23°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
539 Temperature Example 248 110
Details
- Incubation times in New York experiments of largemouth bass were: 13.2 days
at 10°C; 9.8 days at 12.5°C; 6.8 days at 15°C; 4.0 and 4.8 days at 17.5°C;
2.87 days at 20.0° and 22.5°C; 2.04 days at 27.5°C; and 1.5 days at 30°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
540 Temperature Example 176 110
Details
At 19°C, largemouth bass hatching occurred in ~80 hours. The mouth formed
at 192 hours, fry were free swimming at 240 hours, and the yolk sac was
absorbed at 312 hours.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
584 California Water Level Optimum 125 110
Details
Stable water levels until bass were through nesting, followed by rapid
drawdown, were recommended.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1113 - Phys. Assoc. Lethal - 153 736
Details
Silty, mucky bottoms are unsuitable for largemouth bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1114 Lake Powell Water Motion Lethal 166 736
Depth Limit <1.5 m
Details
Exposed, shallow-water (<1.5 m) largemouth bass nests are vulnerable to
wave-action destruction.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1115 Water Motion Lethal 40 cm/s 225 736
Details
Water velocities as low as 40 cm/sec may result in mortality of largemouth
bass embryos.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1118 Florida Temperature Optimum 2021°C 236 736
740
Details 226
Optimal temperatures for successful largemouth bass spawning and 186
incubation are 20°-21°C, with a range of 13°26°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1119 Temperature Limit >30°C 186 736
740
Details 769
Survival of largemouth bass embryos is very low at temperatures >30°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1120 Temperature Limit <10°C 765 736
Details
Survival of largemouth bass embryos is very low at temperatures <10°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1121 Salinity Lethal >10.5 ppt 127 736
Salinity Limit >1.5 ppt
Details
Survival of largemouth bass embryos is impaired at salinities >1.5 ppt, and
0.0 at levels >10.5 ppt.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1130 Water Motion Lethal 1118 736
166
Details
Wave destruction of largemouth bass nests may be locally important.
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Lake Huron (Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1170 Southern Phys. Assoc. Characteristic 805 798
Georgian Bay Depth Characteristic 1 m
Temperature Characteristic 24°C
Details
Typical nursery habitat in southern Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, for 50mm
(range 1698 mm) muskellunge was composed of eight families of emergent
and floating vegetation and nine species of submergent vegetation. Sedge
was the most abundant emergent family, while bushy pondweed Chara spp., and
variable pondweed were the predominant submergent species. Emergent and
floating vegetation were most common near shore and decreased in density as
mean depth increased; submerged vegetation increased in density off shore.
These nursery areas were 1 m deep, and substrate consisted of sand, muck, and
a siltdetritus mixture. In the nursery areas, 19 other fish species were
found, with largemouth bass, yellow perch, and pumpkinseed the most common.
The mean water temperature was 24°C in the nursery habitats.
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
(Juvenile)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
483 Oklahoma Water Level Example 113 110
Details
Largemouth bass growth during the first year of life and water levels were
positively correlated in Lake Carl Blackwell, but growth increments during
the second year were negatively correlated with water levels. The third and
fourth years showed negative, but not statistically significant, correlations.
Reduced water levels favored age 1 and older bass by concentrating the
forage fish, but hindered young because of loss of littoral benthos.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
484 Tennessee Water Level Example 134 110
Details
Largemouth bass growth was more rapid in Norris Lake, Tennessee, when
water levels raised which, flooded new areas. High water levels in
spring and early summer favored growth.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
485 Oxygen Optimum 139 110
Details
Bass growth rates were higher when oxygen was held near saturation than
when held at lower or higher concentrations. Growth rate dropped rapidly as
DO levels dropped. Bass grew only 60%75% as rapidly at 4 ppm DO as at
8 ppm. Diurnal fluctuations of oxygen concentrations also markedly
impaired growth.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
489 Pred/Prey Example 132 110
Details
Rapid growth of bass was associated with abundant young gizzard shad.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
491 - Pred/Prey Example 138 110
Depth Example
Details
In reservoirs where gizzard shad are the major forage, the age 02 bass grow
slowly because the shad fry are in deeper water and are too big for the bass
by the time the shad enter the water occupied by these bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
521 Water Level Optimum 189 110
125
Details
Relatively stable water levels at largemouth bass spawning time gave the most
abundant year-classes. Rising water levels had only a little negative effect.
Dropping water levels resulted in poor year-classes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
523 Pred/Prey Example 209 110
Details
Introduction of muskellunge into a lake eliminated most young bass survival.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
534 Salinity Lethal 127 110
Details
The 96hour median lethal tolerance limits for largemouth bass fingerlings
1216 mm and 2327 mm were 31% and 35% seawater, respectively.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
544 pH Lethal 235 110
Details
The LC50 values for 24hour tests of largemouth bass (13102 mm) were at a
pH of 3.9 (hydrochloric acid), 4.2 (acetic acid), 10.3 (sodium hydroxide)
and 10.5 (calcium hydroxide). Larger bass (178279 mm) took a pH of 11 with
calcium hydroxide.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
545 pH Lethal 117 110
Oxygen Example
Details
Bass (90152 mm) tolerated rapid pH changes from 8.1-6.0, from 7.2-9.3,
from 9.2-6.1, and from 6.1-9.5 (even though, in some cases, DO was <4 ppm).
Bass (3882 mm) tolerated fairly rapid changes from a pH of 8.0-9.35 and
8.6-6.0 when DO was 7 ppm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
547 Ohio Temperature Lethal 205 110
Details
Upper and lower lethal temperatures for largemouth bass acclimated at
various temperatures are: for 20°C (31.8°C and 5.2°C), for 25°C (34.5°C
upper lethal temperature only), and for 30°C (36.4°C and 11.8°C).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
555 Oxygen Tolerate 40 ppm 117 110
Details
Bass (13155 mm) were maintained under atmospheres of pure oxygen, with
greater than normal pressure and DO values up to 40 ppm with no distress.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
556 Oxygen Requirement 172 110
Temperature Example
Details
The minimum oxygen concentrations which bass could stand in sudden
change were 0.92 ppm, 1.19 ppm, and 1.40 ppm at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C.
When acclimated, these values were 0.780.87 ppm, 0.790.97 ppm, and
1.201.32 ppm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
557 Oxygen Requirement 172 110
Pred/Prey Example -
Temperature Example -
Movement Example -
Details
- Young bass showed stress at 5 ppm at 25°C. The general activity rate was
down. At 2 ppm bass did not eat, although they did at 3 ppm. At 1 ppm
and 25.2°25.5°C, all bass died in <11 hours.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
559 Movement Example Sluggish 191 110
Temperature Example 5°C
Details
At 5°C, largemouth bass were sluggish and had difficulty maintaining
equilibrium.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
565 Pred/Prey Characteristic 110 -
Details
Bass over 80100 mm feed mainly on fish and large insects.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
566 Pred/Prey Characteristic 110 -
Details
The principal foods of adult bass were small centrarchids, crayfish, perch,
and gizzard shad.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
567 Ontario Pred/Prey Example 144 110
Details
Small rainbow trout were eaten by largemouth bass shortly after trout were
stocked in an Ontario Lake.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
568 Arkansas Pred/Prey Example 185 110
Details
When rainbow trout (mostly >230 mm TL) were stocked in Lake Owachita,
Arkansas, 49% of bass >400 mm had trout in their stomachs when
collected in January and February. Ten of 11 bass over 456 mm had eaten
trout, but none of 51 <400 mm had eaten trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
569 Michigan Pred/Prey Example 227 110
Details
In Chub Lake, Michigan, where forage fishes were not abundant and growth
of bass was slow, bass did not eat bass of their own age group, but yearlings
did eat some YOY. Adult bass took small perch and almost no small bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
570 Pred/Prey Example 165 110
Temperature Example -
Details
Largemouth bass would not voluntarily eat minnows at temperatures <10°C,
and smaller bass fed in colder water than larger bass. They did not readily
take food unless their stomachs were empty.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
571 Ontario Pred/Prey Example 188 110
Temperature Example
Details
- In Ontario, largemouth bass are sometimes caught by angling through the ice.
Their stomachs are usually shrunken showing little evidence of winter feeding.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
572 Wisconsin Pred/Prey Example 171 110
Temperature Example
Details
In Wisconsin, largemouth bass feed little October-May.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
580 Pred/Prey Example 163 110
Oxygen Optimum
Details
Food consumption and food conversion were better when DO was near
saturation rather than above or below. Drops in DO markedly affected
both.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
581 Pred/Prey Limit 140 110
Oxygen Limit
Details
Bass stopped feeding when DO approached 1 ppm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
582 Movement Limit 137 110
Pred/Prey Limit
Details
When five bass were kept in aquaria, the smallest bass stopped growing at
ten weeks, because the territories of the other four bass took all the space
even though food was left over.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
583 Pred/Prey Example 120 110
Details
In feeding experiments, bass 225275 mm and at 315365 mm long preferred
gizzard shad 75100 mm long to those over 125 mm long.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1093 Oxygen Limit 139 736
Details
Growth of largemouth bass is reduced at DO levels <8 mg/l, and a
substantial reduction occurs <4 mg/l.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1094 Oxygen Limit 5 mg/l 763 736
123
Details
Distress in largemouth bass may be evident at 5 mg/1 DO.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1098 Turbidity Optimum <25 ppm 742 736
Turbidity Limit >100 ppm 743
Details
The greatest survival and growth of largemouth bass occurred in ponds with
turbidities (suspended solids) <25 ppm. Growth was intermediate in ponds
with 35100 ppm turbidity levels and lowest in ponds with turbidities
>100 ppm. Also, no YOY bass were found in ponds with high turbidities,
but were recovered from ponds with low and intermediate turbidities.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1102 pH Tolerate 3.9, 10.5 235 736
Details
Largemouth bass can tolerate short-term exposures to pH levels of 3.9 and 10.5.
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
(Larva)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
478 Temperature Example 147 110
Pred/Prey Characteristic
Details
Most largemouth bass fry would not feed >15.9°C, and growth rate increased
with a temperature of 17.5°-27.5°C. Growth at 30°C did not differ from that
at 27.5°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
479 Temperature Example 211 110
Details
Optimum largemouth bass growth was reported at temperatures >26.7°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
480 Temperature Example 162 110
Pred/Prey Optimum -
Details
Largemouth bass fed ad libitum at 20°35.5°C grew fastest at 26°28°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
491 - Pred/Prey Example 138 110
Depth Example
Details
In reservoirs where gizzard shad are the major forage, the age 02 bass
grow slowly because the shad fry are in deeper water and are too big for
the bass by the time shad enter the water occupied by these bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
521 Water Level Optimum 189 110
125
Details
Relatively stable water levels at largemouth bass spawning time gave the most
abundant year-classes. Rising water levels had only a little negative effect.
Dropping water levels resulted in poor year-classes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
524 Pred/Prey Limit 171 110
Temperature Limit -
Details
Factors limiting bass reproduction were listed as unstable water temperatures
at spawning time, predation, and plankton depletion when feeding began.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
533 Salinity Example 127 110
Details
Bass eggs hatched in 20%, but not in 30%, sea water. Fry did not survive
in >10% sea water.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
535 Alabama Temperature Example 21°C 149 110
Depth Example 15 cm
Details
The first largemouth bass hatch was when the water was at 21°C and 15 cm
from the surface.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
536 Temperature Example 21°C 181 110
Details
The first largemouth bass hatch was when the water was at 21.1°23,3°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
540 Temperature Example 176 110
Details
At 19°C largemouth bass hatching occurred in ~80 hours. The mouth formed
at 192 hours, fry were free swimming at 240 hours, and the yolk sac was
absorbed at 312 hours.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
546 pH Lethal - 117 110
Details
Largemouth bass fry were less resistent than were smallmouth fry to high
pH value.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
555 Oxygen Tolerate 40 ppm 117 110
Details
Bass (13155 mm) were maintained under atmospheres of pure oxygen, with
greater than normal pressure and DO values up to 40 ppm with no distress.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
562 Pred/Prey Characteristic 110 -
Details
Fingerling bass begin feeding on microcrustaceans.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
563 Pred/Prey Characteristic 110 -
Details
Insects become the major food by the time bass reach 40 mm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
564 Pred/Prey Characteristic 166 110
Details
Bass did not begin feeding until 8 mm. Small fish were eaten when bass
were only 2029 mm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
584 California Water Level Optimum 125 110
Details
Stable water levels until bass were through nesting, followed by rapid
drawdown, were recommended.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1076 Pred/Prey Characteristic 217 736
797
Details
Largemouth bass fry feed mainly on microcrustaceans and small insects.
Juveniles consume mostly insects and small fish. Adults feed primarily
on fish and crayfish.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1122 Water Motion Optimum <4 cm/s 756 736
Details
Optimal current velocities for smallmouth bass fry are <4 cm/sec.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1123 Water Motion Limit >27 cm/s 767 736
768
Details
Largemouth bass fry cannot tolerate current velocities >27 cm/sec.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1124 Phys. Assoc. Optimum 737 736
Details
Cover (flooded terrestrial vegetation) is an important requirement for
largemouth bass fry habitat suitability, because the amount of cover is
positively correlated to number of fry.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1126 Phys. Assoc. Optimum 736 -
Details
For largemouth bass, it is assumed that optimal cover in pools 7 or littoral
areas contain 40%80% cover.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1127 Water Level Limit 736 -
Details
It is assumed that decreasing (>1 m) water levels would be suboptimal
because largemouth bass fry would be more susceptible to predation with
a decrease in cover.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1128 Temperature Optimum 27°30°C 147 736
Temperature Limit <15°C, >32°C
Details
- Optimal temperatures for largemouth bass fry declined growth are 27°30°C.
Little growth occurs <15°C or >32°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1129 Salinity Limit 6 ppt 127 736
Details
The growth rate of largemouth bass fry declined at salinities >1.66 ppt and
was 0.0 at 6 ppt.
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
(Non-spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
376 Wisconsin Pred/Prey Example 209 109
288
Details
Introduction of muskellunge into two Wisconsin lakes eliminate most of the
yellow perch and largemouth bass >100 mm long. Enough muskellunge
remained, apparently in secure habitats, to reproduce successfully each year.
Smallmouth bass were relatively secure from muskellunge predation and
increased in abundance as largemouth bass decreased.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
470 Competitors Example 251 110
Area of Water Example Warmwater
Ponds
Details
In warm-water ponds, smallmouth bass could not compete successfully with
largemouth bass, bluegills, green sunfish, and bullheads.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
476 Ohio Phys. Assoc. Prefer Vegetation 131 110
Water Motion Prefer Nonflowing
Clarity Prefer Clear
Details
Largemouth bass prefer nonflowing waters with aquatic vegetation and clear
water.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
477 Nebraska Alkalinity Tolerate 167 110
Details
In Nebraska, largemouth bass were classified as suitable for slightly
alkaline waters (total alkalinity <900 ppm, carnoate alkalinity <250 ppm,
and K+Na <200 ppm).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
481 Iowa Depth Optimum 170 110
Area of Water Optimum
Water Level Optimum
Details
In Iowa, growth of bass was better in artificial lakes with deep basins and
protected shorelines than in unstratified reservoirs. Growth was slowest in
watersupply reservoirs treated for algae and with fluctuating water levels.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
482 Michigan Water Level Example 170 110
Details
Raising the water levels in a Michigan marl lake increased bass growth.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
486 Wisconsin Hardness Example 239 110
Details
Water hardness was correlated with bass growth rates in Wisconsin.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
487 Iowa Turbidity Example 128 110
Details
Differences in turbidity did not show a relationship with annual growth
of bass in Clear Lake, Iowa. The turbidity was more algae than clay.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
488 Oklahoma Turbidity Example 192 110
Details
Clay turbidity was associated with slower bass growth in Oklahoma.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
489 Pred/Prey Example 132 110
Details
Rapid growth of bass was associated with abundant young gizzard shad.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
490 Massachusetts Pred/Prey Example - 173 110
Details
Addition of smelt to Quabbin Reservoir, Massachusetts, increased the
largemouth bass population, but not the average growth rate.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
492 Illinois Pred/Prey Example 253 110
Phys. Assoc. Example 243
Details
Dieoff of the heavy growth of submerged aquatic plants in August (in a
small Illinois lake) was followed by rapid growth of the bass. The bass
then fed on the smaller fish that had hidden in the plant growth.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
523 Pred/Prey Example 209 110
Details
Introduction of muskellunge into a lake practically eliminated young bass
survival.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
541 Oklahoma Movement Example 114 110
Details
Most bass seemed to home and have territories in Carl Blackwell Lake, but
some roamed quite a bit. One bass travelled 217 m/day for five days between
capture.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
542 Turbidity Example 202 110
Movement Example
Details
Turbidity at 46 JTU and 1416 JTU decreased the activity of bass compared
to controls, but resulted in more scraping and coughing action.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
543 Turbidity Example 234 110
Salinity Limit <4.1 ppt
Details
Turbidity was not considered a major limiting factor of bass in Louisiana
waters, but largemouths were not in water of more than 4.1 ppt salinity.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
544 pH Lethal 235 110
Details
The LC50 values for 24hour tests of largemouth bass (13102 mm) were at a
pH of 3.9 (hydrochloric acid), 4.2 (acetic acid), 10.3 (sodium hydroxide) and
10.5 (calcium hydroxide). Larger bass (178279 mm) took a pH of 11 with
calcium hydroxide.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
548 Temperature Prefer 162 110
Details
Adult largemouth bass with ultrasonic temperaturesensing tags generally
selected the warmest temperatures when temperatures were below 25°C.
They remained at 26°-28°C when higher temperatures were available.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
549 Temperature Prefer 247 110
Pred/Prey Example
Water Motion Example
Details
During winter, most bass from an area with heated effluent had body
temperatures of 16°21°C, and only a few were measured at 26°27°C. It
has been suggested that current and temperature may be important.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
550 Wisconsin Temperature Prefer 161 110
Details
Largemouth bass preferred water temperatures 26°32°C in Lake Monona,
and 28°31°C in laboratory tests. The final proferentum was 28°32°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
551 Temperature Avoid 169 110
Details
Bass, when acclimated at 25°C, avoid water at temperatures of 30.6°32.8°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
552 - Temperature Prefer 215 110
Details
The final preferred temperature of largemouth bass was 30°32°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
553 - Temperature Example - 191 110
Light Example 221
Pred/Prey Example
Movement Example
Details
In Lake Opinicon, Ontario, largemouth bass remained quiet in the shade at
temperatures of 28°30°C in August. They did not feeding even though their
stomachs were empty.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
554 Tennessee Temperature Prefer 26.6°27.7°C 224 110
Details
In Norris Reservoir, Tennessee, largemouth bass preferred water temperatures
of 26.6°27.7°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
558 Oxygen Requirement 123 110
Temperature Example
Details
At 17.0°22.5°C in summer, bass showed no avoidance of water at 6 ppm DO,
some avoidance at 3.04.5 ppm, and strong avoidance to water with only
1.5 ppm oxygen.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
560 Georgia Depth Characteristic 0.91.2 m 187 110
Details
In Altoona Lake, Georgia, most largemouth bass were at 0.91.2 m, but ~10%
were taken at depths >6 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
561 Movement Characteristic 119 110
Depth Characteristic
Phys. Assoc. Characteristic
Light Example Night
Details
Bass moved close to shore at night and rested on the bottom in shallow water.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
566 Pred/Prey Characteristic 110 -
Details
The principal foods of adult bass were small centrarchids, crayfish, perch,
and gizzard shad.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
567 Ontario Pred/Prey Example 144 110
Details
Small rainbow trout were eaten by largemouth bass shortly after trout were
stocked in an Ontario Lake.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
568 Arkansas Pred/Prey Example 185 110
Details
When rainbow trout (mostly >230 mm TL) were stocked in Lake Owachita,
Arkansas, 49% of bass >400 mm had trout in their stomachs when collected
in January and February. Ten of 11 bass over 456 mm had eaten trout,
but none of 51 <400 mm had eaten trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
569 Michigan Pred/Prey Example 227 110
Details
In Chub Lake, Michigan, where forage fishes were not abundant and growth
of bass was slow, bass did not eat bass of their own age group, but yearlings
did eat some YOY. Adult bass took small perch and almost no small bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
574 - Pred/Prey Example 177 110
Details
- Low vulnerability of prey limits bass predation. Gizzard shad and threadfin
shad seem to be vulnerable, but are not eliminated by bass predation.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
575 Oklahoma Pred/Prey Characteristic 114 110
Light Characteristic
Details
Largemouth bass fed from midmorning through the afternoon, but little at night.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
576 Pred/Prey Characteristic 220 110
171
Details
Most empty stomachs (of largemouth bass) were found from 28 a.m..
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
577 Wisconsin Light Example 161 110
Movement Characteristic
Phys. Assoc. Characteristic
Details
Adult bass were seen resting inactively on, or just above, the bottom at night.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
578 Water Level Example 110 -
Pred/Prey Example
Details
Drawdown of water levels in reservoirs increases vulnerability of prey.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
579 Pred/Prey Example 175 110
Details
Bass usually ate a single gizzard shad per meal. Average shad size increased
with the size of the bass, but not proportionately.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
765 Competitors Example 63 112
Details
For food, perch may compete with any or all other predatory fishes present
in the same water. These fish include brook trout, ciscoes, lake whitefish,
basses (Morone spp. and Micropterus spp.), crappies and bluegill.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
770 Pred/Prey Example 63 112
Details
Almost all warm- to cold-water predatory fish will eat perch, including basses
(Morone spp. and Micropterus spp.), sunfish, crappies, walleye, sauger, pike,
muskellunge and lake trout.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1077 Phys. Assoc. Example 736 -
Details
Adults largemouth bass often feed near vegetation within shallow areas.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1078 Wisconsin Light Characteristic 786 736
780
Details
Largemouth bass feeding intensity is bimodal with peaks in the early morning
and late evening.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1085 Area of Water Prefer 217 736
Details
Lacustrine environments are the preferred habitat of largemouth bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1086 Area of Water Optimum 1055 736
Depth Requirement 315 m 796
Details
Optimal largemouth bassconditions are lakes with extensive (³25% of surface
area (³25% of surface at water depths £6 m depth) to support submergent
vegetation. The lakes are also deep enough (315 m mean depth) to
successfully overwinter bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1087 Depth Optimum 736 -
Details
It is assumed that 40%60% of the lake area should be >6 m depth to provide
optimal overwintering habitat for largemouth bass in northern latitudes.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1088 Ohio Area of Water Example 131 736
Phys. Assoc. Optimum 766
Details
Optimal riverine habitat for largemouth bass is characterized by large, slow-
moving rivers or pools (in streams) with soft bottoms, some aquatic
vegetation, and relatively clear water.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1089 Area of Water Limit 1117 736
Details
First- and second-order streams are generally poor largemouth bass habitat.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1090 Area of Water Optimum 736 -
Details
A river with a high percent (³60%) of pool and backwater area is assumed
optimal for largemouth bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1091 Water Motion Prefer 755 736
131
Details 774
Largemouth bass prefer low gradient (£1 m/km) streams. Abundance
declines as gradient increases toward headwater areas.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1092 Water Motion Limit 736 -
Details
It is assumed that gradients >4 m/km are unsuitable for largemouth bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1095 Oxygen Lethal <1 mg/l 172 736
772
Details 530
Levels below 1 mg/l DO are considered lethal to largemouth bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1096 Oklahoma Dissolved Optimum 100350 ppm 759 736
Solids
Details
Standing crops of black basses (Micropterus spp.) are positively correlated
with total dissolved solid levels of 100350 ppm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1097 Turbidity Limit - 778 736
Details
Largemouth bass are considered intolerant of suspended solids (turbidity)
and sediment.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1098 Turbidity Optimum <25 ppm 742 736
Turbidity Limit >100 ppm 743
Details
The greatest survival and growth of largemouth bass occurred in ponds with
turbidities (suspended solids) <25 ppm. Growth was intermediate in ponds
with 35100 ppm turbidity levels and lowest in ponds with turbidities
>100 ppm. Also, no YOY bass were found in ponds with high turbidities,
but were recovered from ponds with low and intermediate turbidities.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1099 Turbidity Optimum 515 ppm 736 -
Details
Optimum suspended solid levels for largemouth bass are assumed to be
525 ppm. Levels <5 ppm indicate low productivity.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1101 pH Optimum 6.58.5 789 736
Details
Using a criteria for freshwater fish, the optimal pH range is 6.58.5.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1103 Oklahoma Phys. Assoc. Optimum 760 736
775
Details
Adult largemouth bass are most abundant in areas with vegetation and other
forms of cover (logs, brush, and debris).
(Non-spawning Adult...)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1104 Phys. Assoc. Optimum 784 736
Details
Optimal cover for largemouth bass corresponds to 40%60%, or littoral area.
Too much cover may reduce prey availability.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1105 Nebraska Water Motion Optimum 762 736
Details
Largemouth bass adults are most abundant in areas of low current velocity.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1106 Water Motion Optimum 756 736
Details
Optimal current velocities are £6 cm/sec, and velocities >20 cm/sec are
unsuitable for largemouth bass (based on probability of use curves developed).
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1107 Water Level Optimum 758 736
Details
Increased water levels in reservoirs may reduce prey availability due to
increased cover for prey species. Stable to decreased water levels
concentrated prey and increased the feeding and growth rates of adult bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1108 Water Level Optimum 736 -
Details
Stable to slightly-negative midsummer fluctuations (03 m) are optimal for
adult largemouth bass.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1109 Temperature Optimum 24°30°C 772 736
751
Details 634
Optimal growth temperatures for adult bass 24°30°C. 794
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1110 Temperature Limit 15°C 772 736
Details
Very little largemouth bass growth occurs <15°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1111 Temperature Limit 36°C 110 736
Details
Very little largemouth bass growth occurs >36°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1112 Salinity Limit 4 ppt 127 736
Details
Salinity levels above 4 ppt cause sharp declines in largemouth bass abundance.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1116 Water Motion Avoid >10 cm/s 756 736
Details
Water velocities >10 cm/sec were avoided by largemouth bass.
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
(Spawning Adult)
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
493 Temperature Example 765 110
Details
The first largemouth bass spawning was 25 days after the mean water
temperature reached and remained above 15.6°C. A sharp drop in water
temperature, followed by an increase stimulated repeated spawning.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
494 Temperature Example 11.5°29.0°C 248 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 11.5°29°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
495 Illinois Temperature Example >12.8°C 252 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at >12.8°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
496 Temperature Example 12.821.1°C 160 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 12.8°21.1°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
497 - Temperature Example 14.4°23.9°C 166 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 14.4°23.9°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
498 Temperature Example 15.6°17.2°C 218 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 15.6°17.2°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
499 Temperature Example 16.7°17.8°C 171 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 16.7°17.8°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
500 Temperature Example 16.7°18.3°C 195 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 16.7°18.3°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
501 Temperature Example 16.7°18.4°C 168 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 16.7°18.4°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
502 Iowa Temperature Example 17.2°20°C 203 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 17.2°20.0°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
503 California Temperature Example 17.8°21.1°C 148 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 17.8°21.1°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
504 Temperature Example 20°24°C 136 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 20°24°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
505 Temperature Example 20.5°22.5°C 232 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 20.5°22.5°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
506 Temperature Example 21.1°C 238 110
Details
Largemouth bass spawning occurred at 21.1°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
507 Temperature Example 15.6°C 171 110
Details
Largemouth bass nest building occurred at 15.6°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
508 Temperature Example 11.7°13.9°C 166 110
Details
Largemouth bass nest building occurred at 11.7°13.9°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
509 Temperature Example 15.6°C 168 -
110
Details
Largemouth bass nest building occurred at 15.6°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
510 Phys. Assoc. Characteristic 168 110
183
Details 217
Largemouth bass males build nests by cleaning areas, on substrates such as 238
sand, gravel, roots, or aquatic vegetation. 226
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
511 Phys. Assoc. Avoid Silt Bottom 153 110
Details
Bass will not nest on silt bottoms.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
512 Phys. Assoc. Example - 204 110
Details
- Largemouth bass nests are often near boulders or pilings.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
513 Florida Depth Characteristic 3076 cm 236 110
Details
Largemouth bass nests are usually at depths of 3076 cm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
514 New Mexico Depth Characteristic 1.21.8 m 194 110
Details
Largemouth bass nests are usually at depths of 1.21.8 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
515 Depth Characteristic 238 110
Details
Largemouth bass nests are usually at depths of ~60 cm, but range from 15 cm
to 2 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
516 Depth Characteristic 183 110
Details
Largemouth bass nests at 0.91.8 m were more successful than those at
2590 cm in a Minnesota Lake.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
517 Depth Characteristic 166 110
Water Lethal
Motion
Details
Wave action destroyed some largemouth bass nests on sandstone rubble at
0.451.70 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
518 Movement Example Listless 246 110
pH Limit 10.2
Phys. Assoc. Example Plants
Details
When aquatic plants were so abundant that photosynthesis changed the pH to
>10.2 in the daytime, the large bass were listless and did not spawn. Weeds
were killed on June 4, and bass nested by June 15.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
519 Kansas Turbidity Limit 130 110
Area of Water Example Ponds
Details
Largemouth bass reproduction occurred in ponds as turbid as 83 ppm, but
not at 348612 ppm.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
520 Turbidity Limit 143 110
Area of Water Example Ponds
Salinity Limit 0.5%
pH Limit
Details
There was no successful laragemouth bass reproduction at 0.5% salinity, at a
pH <5 or >10.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
522 Water Level Optimum 240 110
241
Details 242
Late summer drawdown was an effective method to promote largemouth 243
bass reproduction the next year.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
525 General Limit 146 110
Details
Reproduction of bass is retarded by excretions from bluegills or bass when
either is abundant.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
573 Oklahoma Pred/Prey Characteristic 114 110
Details
Largemouth bass feeding was reduced during the spawning season.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1079 Temperature Characteristic 12.0°15.5°C 775 736
166
Details
Largemouth bass spawning typically begins in the spring when water
temperature reaches 12.0°15.5°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1080 Temperature Optimum 16°22°C 740 736
765
Details 232
Largemouth bass spawning has been recorded from 11.5°-29.0°C, but most
occurs from 16°-22°C.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1081 New Hampshire Phys. Assoc. Prefer 160 736
153
Details 775
A gravel substrate is preferred for largemouth bass spawning.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1082 Phys. Assoc. Example 776 736
168
Details
Largemouth bass will nest on a wide variety of other substrates including
vegetation, roots, sand, mud, and cobble.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1083 Depth Optimum 0.30.9 m 136 736
Depth Tolerate 0.157.50 m 203
236
Details 738
Largemouth bass nests are constructed by the male in water ~0.30.9 m deep.
Depths range from ~0.15-7.5 m.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1084 Lake Powell Depth Limit 8.23 166 736
Details
Largemouth bass nests have been found as deep as 8.23 m in a reservoir
where depth increased during the spawning period.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1100 pH Requirement 510 136 736
246
Details
Largemouth bass require a pH range of 5-10 for successful reproduction.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1117 New Mexico Water Level Optimum 189 736
Details
Stable water levels during largemouth bass spawning are optimal. Drawdowns
often result in poor survival.
Ref. No. Locality (Stock) Factor(s) Influence(s) Data Primary Ref. No. Review No.
1125 Phys. Assoc. Limit 1117 736
Details
Too much cover constitutes poor largemouth bass spawning habitat.